In the postwar period, when fertility dropped substantially, immigration more than made up for the drop in population growth, and from 1950 to 2020, population increased by 73%, double the European rate, in a country with population density already among the highest in Europe. Yet, there never...

Population decline is now a reality for most countries in the EU. Many regions are experiencing decline, including the Netherlands. Population decline is a complex issue with many social and economic implications. At the same time, population change strengthens the effect of demographic ageing....