The Digital Agenda for Europe sets out clear goals for providing high speed broadband to all its residents, but leaves the implementation of this plan to the individual Member States. Because of large economic, cultural and political differences, the roads to realizing these ambitious goals are...

In a 2008 Discussion Paper Prof. Noam asserts that the new generation of fiber-based access networks, which he denotes as Telecom 3.0, requires significant upgrades. When the current economic context is taken into account, the financial crisis and international competitiveness, he infers that...