Bilateral and regional investment agreements have proliferated in the last decade and new ones are still being negotiated. Most-Favoured-Nation (MFN) clauses link investment agreements by ensuring that the parties to one treaty provide treatment no less favourable than the treatment they provide...

Capital exporting countries have attempted to protect the overseas investments of their multinational corporations (MNC) against host nation governments expropriating these investments, limiting the right to repatriate profits, or subjecting the withdrawal of their investments to heavy...