Workforce development financing has changed significantly over the last 25 years. In 2008, federal funding for the traditional workforce development system was 83 percent lower in real terms than it had been in 1980. As the federal system plays a smaller role in workforce development financing,...

Skills are a central source of high productivity and economic well-being. But what do we mean by productive skills? Both with regard to measurement and policy, the primary focus in the U.S. has been on academic skills, as measured by tests of reading, writing and math abilities and by...

This concept describes the background of discussions concerning the voational and academic education in Germany and Europe. In order to achieve political intended readability of degrees in the European Union the concept of the European Qualifications Framework (EQF) is explained. With the...