competing, firms. Researchers now recognize that most firms benefit from investing in apprenticeship training. Evidence … their investment pay off only after accounting for reduced turnover, recruitment, and initial training costs. Generally, the …

, counseling, training, and placement services. Such programs can be expensive, however, which underscores the need to focus on …

with respect to the ability of their employees when training is certified by credible external institutions. We apply an … institutions at that the end of apprenticeship training can be signalled to outside employers. Apprenticeship graduates however … cannot signal their work-related ability – measured by a small voluntary bonus paid by the training employer – to the outside …