Currently, two models of innovation are prevalent in organization science. The “private investment” model assumesreturns to the innovator result from private goods and efficient regimes of intellectual property protection. The “collective action” model assumes that under conditions of...

A detailed survey of 498 high technology small and medium-sized enterprises in the Netherlands shows process innovation by user firms to be common practice. Fifty-four percent of these firms reported developing entirely novel process equipment or software for their own use and/or modifying...

In this paper explores the conditions favorable to user innovationnetworks are often present in the economy.

In this paper explores how the mundane but necessary task offield support for open source Apache server software is organized,and how and why users are motivated to participate in providing it.