Electric motorcycle swappable batteries (EMSB) require interoperability standards so that swappable batteries (SB) can be exchanged and operated between brands to minimize investment costs. The stages in standards development have similar characteristics to the open innovation process, namely...

The innovation of electric motorcycle swap-battery (EMSB) technology encourages the formation of a new ecosystem at the early stage of the supply chain. The EMSB technology has allowed an open innovation system with collaboration between supply-chain players, universities, and the government for...

This research aims to achieve early standardization for battery swapping in line with domestic capabilities and global standards, and to protect Indonesian battery swap stakeholders. By distributing questionnaires to 190 respondents, the Framework for Analysis, Comparison, and Testing of...