We study the survival of extreme opinions in various processes of consensus formation. All the opinions are treated equally and subjected to the same rules of changing. We investigate three typical models to reach a consensus in each case: (A) personal influence, (B) influence from surroundings,...

We present a mean-field theory for the modified three-state voter model. We obtain analytical results in asymptotic states for a general transition matrix. Numerical simulations can be well described within the proposed formulations. Distributions for both central plateau and boundary layer can...

The opinion dynamics studies how a final consensus emerges from a diversified initial configuration. The final result can be an artifact arising in the voting processes and overlook the features of the initial configuration, which leads to the unfair result. We explore the concept of fairness in...