Many companies are facing the challenges of dynamic market and capital shortage. To overcome these challenges, we examine the case in which the company develops early sales strategy that entices customers to commit to their orders at a discount price prior to the selling season. The time between...

We consider an outsourcing logistics channel where a distributor procures a quantity of a fresh product and outsources his logistics operations to a third party logistics service provider (TPLSP), whose logistics service quality and price affect the product sellable quantity and quality on the...