Antennas are considered as a significant component in any wireless system. There are numerous factors and constraints that affect its design. Therefore, recently several algorithms are developed to allow the designers optimize the antenna with respect to numerous different criteria, general...

The Gauss-Marquardt-Levenberg (GML) method of computer-based parameter estimation, in common with other gradient-based approaches, suffers from the drawback that it may become trapped in local objective function minima, and thus report optimized parameter values that are not, in fact, optimized...

Canal section design with minimum cost, which can be considered as an objective function, involves minimization of total costs per unit length of the canal, including direct costs of per cubic meter earthworks and per meter canal lining and indirect costs of water losses through canal seepage...