We overcome a long-standing obstacle in statistics. In doing so, we show that the distribution of the sum of log-normal variables is log-normal. Furthermore, we offer a breakthrough result in finance. In doing so, we introduce a simple, exact and explicit formula for pricing the arithmetic Asian...

We introduce a simple, explicit formula for pricing the Bermudan options. Furthermore, the formula does not require any additional parameter (relative to the European option formula). Moreover, we provide an upper bound for the price

In this paper, we show that the influential Merton jump diffusion model and formula are needlessly cumbersome. In doing so, we provide a simple, explicit formula that doesn't require a computational method. Furthermore, we introduce a new, simple method for solving partial...

We overcome the limitations of the previous literature in the European options pricing. In doing so, we provide a closed-form formula that doesn't require any numerical/computational methods. The formula is as simple as the classical Black-Scholes pricing formula. In addition, we simultaneously...

Options are financial derivatives which are used as risk management tools for hedging the portfolios. The options traders can play safely in the volatile markets with the help of knowledge of the Greeks associated with the options. This study is focused at providing the knowledge of the Greeks...

When the pricing kernel is U-shaped, then expected returns of claims with payout on the upside are negative for strikes beyond a threshold, determined by the slope of the U-shaped kernel in its increasing region, and have negative partial derivative with respect to strike in the increasing...

The main aim of this work is to price defaultable bonds. In order to achieve this goal we link first hitting densities of Brownian motion with functionals of controlled diffusions. From a practical point of view examples of diffusions with this property are: Brownian motion with linear drift,...

We overcome a major obstacle in the literature. In doing, we introduce a simple, closed-form formula for pricing the American options. In particular, we significantly simplify Alghalith's closed-form formula for pricing American options. In doing so, we introduce a formula that does not require...

We provide very simple formulas for pricing both the European and American options.The existing methods of option pricing adopt strong assumptions. Furthermore, they use advanced mathematics to produce controversial pricing methods. The use of mathematically advanced models does not necessarily...