We analyze returns to lumpy projects with multiple investors. Since each investor's commitment increases the likelihood of project completion it exerts a positive externality on other investors. We show that due to this externality either a rise in the cost of abandoning the project or decreased...

The paper proposes a novel direction to rationalize and quantify investors' flipping behavior and its effect on underpricing in IPOs through the use of a structural approach mode. The outcome is a proxy value that replicates investors' flipping behavior. When tested empirically, the model...