The literature on dynamic option valuation typically does not explicitly specify a pricing kernel. Instead it characterizes the kernel indirectly by specifying prices of risk, or defines it implicitly as the ratio of the risk-neutral and physical probabilities. We propose explicit pricing...

Bitcoin Pricing Kernels (PKs) are estimated using a novel data set from Deribit, the leading Bitcoin options exchange. The PKs, as the ratio between risk-neutral and physical density, dynamically reflect the change in investor preferences. Thus, the PKs improve the understanding of investor...

Abstract. Equity warrants are instruments that bestow upon the holder of the instrument the right to buy a particular stock at a predetermined price within a stipulated time frame. However, to gain this right, the buyer of such warrants usually needs to make an upfront payment to the warrants...