This Short Note arises from questions about applying the Bachelier model to FRAs which arose as interest rates went negative leading to a failure of the Black 1976 model used by convention as the market price model.The paper reviews the Black '76 model form highlighting reasons for this failure....

This paper builds on Louis Bachelier model for option pricing work by the author. The focus is to generalise the option model for where both assets are price uncertain, adapting the bivariate normal to the model; the paper also works on defining the underlying asset values based on this model,...

This paper reviews the form of the Louis Bachelier model for the modern option contract. This enables basic model properties to be analysed and the model's key elements to be defined being the intrinsic value and the instability or option risk premium. Further the paper reviews the option...

The paper reviews the option pricing model constructs of Bachelier and Black-Scholes Merton, concluding the latter model approximates the former. The paper demonstrates that certain critiques of the Bachelier model outlined in the 1960s and 1970s are not sound; and Bachelier's model can be...