Based on a relaxation equation for the alignment tensor characterizing the molecular orientation in liquid crystals under flow we present results for the full orientational dynamics of homogeneous liquid crystals in a shear flow. We extend the analysis of the symmetry-adapted states by...

The microscopic approach to the description of the phase behaviour and critical phenomena in binary fluid mixtures is proposed. It is based on the method of collective variables with a reference system. The physical nature of the order parameter in a binary mixture is discussed. The basic...

In the crowd security research area a primary concern is to identify the macro state of crowd behaviors to prevent disasters and to supervise the crowd behaviors. The entropy is used to describe the macro state of a self-organization system in physics. The entropy change indicates the system...

On the basis of Langevin equation the optimal SUSY field scheme is formulated to describe a non-equilibrium thermodynamic system with quenched disorder and non-ergodicity effects. Thermodynamic and isothermal susceptibilities, memory parameter and irreversible response are determined at...

A generalized model taking into account the photoisomerization influence on the nematic ordering is presented. This generalized theory is used to investigate the effect of the nonextensivity on the concentration dependence of the long-range order parameter. The q-dependent variation of the...

Recent observations have indicated that the traditional equilibrium market hypothesis (EMH; also known as Efficient Market Hypothesis) is unrealistic. It is shown here that it is the analog of a Boltzmann equation in physics, thus having some bad properties of mean-field approximations like a...

Typical collective behaviors in the Couzin model are exhibited by simulation, and some performances of the system such as convergence probability and relative size are analyzed. To provide an alternative to the constant-speed setting of the Couzin model, a velocity-adaptive strategy is...