We study the consequences of leniency - reduced legal sanctions for wrongdoers who spontaneously self-report to law … known that leniency helps deterring illegal relationships sustained by repeated interaction. Here we find that - when not … properly designed - leniency may simultaneously provide an effective governance mechanism for occasional sequential illegal …

Leniency policies and rewards for whistleblowers are being introduced in ever more fields of law enforcement, though … fines, leniency programs, and reward schemes for whistleblowers on firms' decision to form cartels (cartel deterrence) and … investigations but without leniency have a deterrence effect (reduce the number of cartels formed) but also a pro-collusive effect …