, Latvia, Poland, Russia and Slovenia) over the period 1987-95. We find that the most important factor driving overall … Latvia and Russia. Pensions, paradoxically, also pushed inequality up in Central Europe, while non-pension social transfers …

-95), Hungary (1987-93), Latvia (1989-96), Poland (1987-95), Russia (1989-94), and Slovenia (1987-95). In all countries, wage … average) to 35?38 (above OECD average) in less than 10 years. In some countries, such as Bulgaria, Russia, and Ukraine, the … inequality has increased (in some, like Russia, dramatically); income from self-employment has remained as unequal as before but …

Latvia's ethnic Russians as a case study. Measuring employment concentration and earnings differentials across regions …, flexible labor markets in Latvia, and the monopsony which results, have supported labor market discrimination against Russians …