higher for the Western control group coun-tries than for the CEEC sample. EU innovation subsidies partly compensated the CEEC … funding of local governments at the country level, the subsidies crowded in national and local projects at the firm level …

and legal reasons. There is some hesitation about privatization, as for foreign direct investment, and, where accepted …, about the precise timing. Where privatization of basic service monopolies occurs, the role of the state shifts towards a …

all the post-communist countries have become market economies and have achieved macroeconomic stability. Privatization was … has occurred. What went wrong? How could privatization be done better, or be defended? What should be done to defend … private enterprise in the future? This paper argues that the nature of privatization is far less important than the …