The European Commission years ago adopted a policy of encouraging the substitution of motor carrier haulage of freight with rail and water carrier haulage, as part of its "green" agenda of reducing fuel consumption, emission of pollutants, carbon intensity, and road congestion. Regarding railway...

The railways of Russia and the CEE countries - generally much more freight oriented, and much more important to their countries' economies, than those of Western Europe - are in the process of restructuring. In most cases the "vertical separation" reform model is being pursued, and reformers are...

Commuters with high mobility create a complex transit system that implies the various usage of TU (transit unit). Boarding into Bus Rapid Transit or alighting from High Speed Train becomes daily routine to finally arrive in working place or school. Old-fashioned fare collection of transportation...

U.S. cities have invested large amounts of sums on public transit and urban rail in the last few decades, but the transit usage in most of these car-oriented cities is very low, and previous efforts to increase ridership have been mostly fruitless. This research examines the factors affecting...