Tax systems have become increasingly complex in recent decades. There is no such thing as a single tax. There are individual income taxes, corporate income taxes, sometimes local income taxes. There are a variety of indirect taxes, such as the value added tax (VAT), various kinds of excise...

Paying taxes is a cost of doing business. The looters (or public servants, depending on your perspective) must be paid and tax proceeds must be distributed to various groups and individuals, both worthy and unworthy. But tax expense includes more than just the amount of taxes that must be paid....

This paper shows that EU and national innovation subsidy policies stimulated Central and East-ern Europe Countries (CEEC) productivity in the years after their entry to the EU. However, the average effectiveness of national funding was higher for the Western control group coun-tries than for the...

Die Transformationsländer Mittel- und Osteuropas (MOE) stecken in der Zwickmühle. Einerseits zwingt der Wettkampf um international knappes Kapital möglicherweise zu Steuersenkungen, die zu Einnahmeausfällen führen. Andererseits werden gerade in Zeiten der Transformation staatliche Einnahmen...

Die Transformationsländer Mittel- und Osteuropas (MOE) stecken in der Zwickmühle. Einerseits zwingt der Wettkampf um international knappes Kapital möglicherweise zu Steuersenkungen, die zu Einnahmeausfällen führen. Andererseits werden gerade in Zeiten der Transformation staatliche Einnahmen...

This paper analyses the consequences of the planned enlargement on the EU budget for the years 2007 and 2013. It concentrates on the EU's Common Agricultural Policy and Structural Policy and calculates the possible fiscal consequences of enlarging the EU for various policy scenarios. Enlarging...

This paper assesses changes in the size and scope of government in 24 transition economies. Whereas these governments have retrenched in terms of public expenditures in relation to GDP, as well as public employment as a share of population, some indicators suggest that size remains high (e.g.,...

In the 1990s, transition countries underwent large adjustments to address fiscal imbalances. This paper examines whether the factors identified in the literature on advanced economies, the size and composition of adjustment, are important in transition economies. It finds that larger...