In this paper, we test whether French and British central banks discount rates were an efficient tool for currency stabilisation over the 1850-1870 period. Causality and impulse analysis as well as outlier methodology are carried out in order to test this proposition. We give strong evidence...

Cet article vise à confronter l’évolution des salaires au développement socio-économique de la France aux 19ème et 20ème siècles. Nous cherchons à détecter les chocs temporaires et permanents qui ont affecté la croissance des salaires réels français depuis le début du 19ème...

Using the outliers methodology, the focus of this paper is to present the time series dynamics of the German higher education system before 1945. The outline of the paper is as follows. In Section 2, we define the outliers and describe the outliers identification procedure. We apply this...