the degrees of filial and parental altruism and adjust them with their respective life expectancy and fertility rates. The … altruism than those in the other countries. Our welfare analyses reveal that the developing Asian countries must introduce more … filial altruism will trap the developing Asian countries at the current low levels of public old-age supports and social …

the degrees of filial and parental altruism and adjust them for their respective life expectancy and fertility rates. The … adjusted degree of filial altruism tends to be low in developing Asia. Our welfare analyses reveal that the developing Asian … low adjusted degree of filial altruism may trap the developing Asian countries at the low levels of public old‐age support …