Macaulay duration matched strategy is a key tool in bond portfolio immunization. It is well known that if term structures are not flat or changes are not parallel, then Macaulay duration matched portfolio can not guarantee adequate immunization. In this paper the approximate duration is proposed...

This paper explores the existence of multiple solutions in the ratio formulation of Data Envelopment Analysis, and the related problem of degeneracy in its envelope formulation. It is argued that the envelope formulation is inherently degenerate.

To the authors' knowledge this is the first study to use Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) to explore the domain of Transfer Pricing. Data has been collected from a sample of UK multinational enterprises (MNEs) concerning their transfer pricing policies. This paper illustrates the applicability of CBR...