The article examine how the existence of a retailer owned brand, private label, affects the price setting of a national brand. We find that the potential for a private label introdution may lead to price consessions form the national brand producer, but that actual private label introduction as...

The paper studies how second degree price discrimination can be implemented in a duopoly with differentiated products. Two firms serve consumers having heterogeneous willingness to pay for the good, willingness to pay being private knowledge. Consumers choose from a menu of tariffs and are...

In a sample that contains annual prices of 39 selected commodities in Britain and Germany in the period 1850 to 1913 substantial evidence of well integrated commodity markets is found. The degree of integration is not universal across markets and varies over time, however. Absolute price...

In this paper we use a price endogenous mathematical programming model to estimate the national welfare losses induced by the Norwegian dairy policy. Firstly, we focus on welfare losses at the processing level due to price discrimination between different uses of the milk and cross-subsidisation...

The paper explores second degree price discrimination in a multi- dimensional good context.There are two types of consumers with demand describe by a t wo-dimensional vector,a quantity dimension and a service attribute dimension (mode of usage,usage pattern).