petroleum, natural gas, and electricity, projected trends in the real prices for these fuels were examined. The spread in the … the next few decades, while electricity prices are projected to be more stable. Electricity prices will, however, remain … current and in projected future prices for these fuels, which often serve identical end uses, underscores the influence of …

can also put downward pressure on natural gas prices by reducing demand for gas among gas-fired generators. These gas … price reductions are, in turn, expected to reduce electricity prices and--more importantly--directly reduce consumer natural …-price natural gas-fired electricity generation, and replacing that generation with fixed-price renewable electricity supply. In …

This paper presents the results of a survey and analysis ofelectricity tariffs and marginal electricity prices for … electricity prices commercialcustomers actually see, and insight into the factors that are mostimportant in determining prices … under different circumstances. We providea new, empirically-based definition of several marginal prices: theeffective …

/provinces with demand response (DR) in the electricity sector. Demand-side resources are often overlooked as a viable option for … against volatile fuel prices and reduced environmental impacts of energy production. This report describes the various types …

Peak power demand issues have come to the fore recently because of the California electricity crisis. Uncertainties … difference between peak demand and average demand, and the necessity for real-time delivery of electricity all make the … for such concerns, but the issues surrounding peak demand are as old as the electric utility system itself. The long lead …

triggered immediate increases in world oil prices. Increases in world petroleum prices and in US petroleum imports resulted in … higher petroleum prices for US customers. In this report, the effects of the Persian Gulf War and its aftermath are used to … crisis is now over and world oil prices have returned to their prewar levels, the differential impacts of rising energy …

ABSTRACT=Demand response (DR) is increasingly recognized asan essential ingredient to well-functioning electricity … accountfor behavior and prices; compiled participation rates and elasticityvalues from six DR options offered to large customers …

. In aggregate, these utilities supply approximately half of all electricity demand in the western United States. In …Markets for renewable electricity have grown significantly in recent years, motivated in part by federal tax incentives …

Demand response (DR) has been broadly recognized to be an integral component of well-functioning electricity markets …), and other retail pricing mechanisms that communicate an incentive for electricity consumers to reduce their usage during … periods of high generation supply costs or system reliability contingencies. Efforts to introduce DR into retail electricity …

-DR, began in 2002 following the California electricity crisis. The work has been carried out by the Demand Response Research …The development of the Open Automated Demand Response Communications Specification, also known as OpenADR or Open Auto …-based communications data model designed to facilitate sending and receiving demand response price and reliability signals from a utility …