In this study, we used the PSTR (panel smooth transition regression) model to investigate the nonlinear relationship between beta (systematic risk) and returns (world market excess returns) for net oil export and net oil import groups. We set the volatility of world market excess return as the...

This paper investigates trends in energy intensity in Latin American countries over the last 40 years. It applies the Fisher Ideal Index to decompose the energy intensity into the relative contributions of energy efficiency and the activity mix, and then analyzes the determinants of these energy...

The literature that tests for U-shaped relationships using panel data, such as those between pollution and income or inequality and growth, reports widely divergent (parametric and non-parametric) empirical findings. We explain why lack of identification lies at the root of these differences. To...

This paper empirically examines the dynamic causal relationships between electricity consumption and economic growth for five different panels (namely high income, upper middle income, lower middle income, low income based on World Bank income classification and global) using time series data...

This paper presents the results from our investigation of the per-capita, long-term relation between carbon dioxide emissions and gross domestic product (GDP) for the world, obtained with the use of a new, flexible estimator. Consistent with simple economic growth models, we find that regional,...

The literature that tests for U-shaped relationships using panel data, such as those between pollution and income or inequality and growth, reports widely divergent (parametric and non-parametric) empirical findings. We explain why lack of identification lies at the root of these differences. To...

This paper investigates the relationship between energy prices and the real effective exchange rate of commodity-exporting countries. We consider two sets of countries: 10 energy-exporting and 23 non-fuel commodity-exporting countries over the period 1980-2011. Estimating a panel cointegrating...

An increase in energy-cost can induce energy efficiency improvement - a reduction in energy-output ratio. There are well-established theoretical conjectures of how this can take place. As the relative energy-cost increases, it induces firms to reallocate and selectively utilize the most...

This paper combines two aggregate production function models — one with urbanization as a shift factor and one that includes energy/electricity consumption and physical capital — to estimate the macro-level relationship among urbanization, energy/electricity consumption, and economic growth...

En este documento se estima la relación de largo plazo en la relación Consumo de Energía – PIB, y PIB – Consumo de Energía para 10 países de América Latina durante el periodo 1971 – 2007. Por medio de la prueba de Cointegración de Westerlund (2006) para datos de panel, la cual tiene...