multivariate framework including gross fixed capital formation, energy consumption, import, and export as the regressors. Design … that partially, export had a significant positive effect on economic growth, while import had a significant but negative …’s economies. Research limitations/implications: According to our finding, export is the most important contributor to economic …

conditional variances as proxy for volatility. Our empirical results are distinguished into export model and import model, and …

sectors. Findings in the case of the pooled panel indicate the validity of the export-led growth hypothesis. Disaggregated … evidences, on the other hand, reveal the validity of export-led growth hypothesis in the case of (i) agriculture and forestry … provide a strong support in favor of an export-led growth hypothesis for four sectors in addition to the feedback hypothesis …