cointegration and examine the causal relationship between ICT adoption and stock market development. The dependent variable employed …

and economic growth. We make use of a Johansen-based panel cointegration methodology allowing for cross-country dependence … the direction of potential causality between financial and economic development. Our results conclude to the existence of … a single cointegrating vector between financial development and growth and of causality going from financial development …

emerging and developing countries over the period 1980 - 2012. We proposed a cointegration analysis, using the method of non …-stationary dynamic panel data. Our estimation results reveal that causality nexus of poverty and remittances is bi-directional. We also …

between unionization and income inequality for a sample of 20 countries. Using heterogeneous panel cointegration techniques …), and (iii) long-run causality runs in both directions, suggesting that, on average, an increase in unionization reduces …

restrictive business and labor market regulations. The results also show that long-run causality runs in both directions …