This paper proposes a variant of the classical HAUSMAN specification test commonly employed to decide whether the estimation of a random-effects model is a viable alternative to estimating fixed effects. Whereas the classical test probes the equality of fixed- and random effects, the proposed...

Drawing on a panel of German survey data spanning 1997-2013, this paper identifi es the correlates of non-recreational bicycling, focusing specifically on the roles of bicycle paths and fuel prices. Our approach conceptualizes ridership as a two stage decision process comprising the discrete...

Rebound effects measure the behaviorally induced off set in the reduction of energy consumption following efficiency improvements. Using both panel estimation and quantile-regression methods on household travel diary data collected in Germany between 1997 and 2009, this study investigates the...