supermarket contracting on farm household income and diets. Supplying supermarkets has increased household income by 66%, and is … income of farm households. …

had per capita income levels similar to those of developing countries now. We employ a broad sample of aggregate energy … energy leapfrogging, expressed as the energy intensity of income growth; we show that industrializing economies are adopting … less energy-intensive, and by implication less polluting, economic activities when their income levels reach the same per …

-OECD countries, similar across income-bands. Also, there is no evidence that individual country elasticity estimates (for GDP or … prices) vary systematically according to income. The price elasticity is larger (in absolute terms) for OECD than for non …

Knowledge of the carbon emissions elasticities of income and population is important both for climate change policy … nonlinear transformation of a potentially integrated variable, i.e., income. Among the findings are that the carbon emissions … elasticity of income is highly robust; and that the income elasticity for OECD countries is less than one, and likely less than …