In our analysis we discuss several dynamic panel data estimators proposed in the literature and assess their performance in Monte Carlo simulations. It is a well known fact that the natural choice, the least squares dummy variable estimator is biased in the context of dynamic estimation. The...

Approximation formulae are developed for the bias of ordinary andgeneralized Least Squares Dummy Variable (LSDV) estimators in dynamicpanel data models. Results from Kiviet (1995, 1999) are extended tohigher-order dynamic panel data models with general covariancestructure. The focus is on...

Through Monte Carlo experiments the small sample behavior is examinedof various inference techniques for dynamic panel data models whenboth the time-series and cross-section dimensions of the data set aresmall. The LSDV technique and corrected versions of it are comparedwith IV and GMM...