mechanisms finds a narrowing of gender gaps in parental investments in children, moderation of son-biased fertility stopping, and … fetuses. This paper examines the impacts of this on girl relative to boy mortality rates after birth, using data from 1973 …-2005. The analysis finds a narrowing of the gender gap in under-5 mortality rates, in line with surviving girls being more …

fetuses. We investigate their impact on son-biased fertility stopping behavior, parental investments in girls relative to boys …, and the relative chances of girls surviving after birth. We find a moderation of son-biased fertility, erosion of gender … gaps in breastfeeding and immunization, and complete convergence in the post-neonatal mortality rates of boys and girls …

, based on the 1977 Lesotho Fertility Survey. The study showed that infant mortality, despite an erratic trend, fell over time … important in infant survival than maternal education. Children born to mothers aged less than 20 and between 30-34 appeared to … have lower chances of survival than children born to mothers of other ages. Fourth or higher birth orders faced a higher …

document outcomes among individuals with deceased parents. I focus first on minors and find that about 2 million children in … orphan population in the United States. Relative to children with both parents living, these maternal and paternal orphans …

Background: Although sons are thought to impose greater physiological costs on mothers than daughters, sons may be … parental mortality. Results: Based on 7 measures of sex composition, we find no protective effect of sons in either China or … Taiwan. For example, in the 1989 Taiwan sample, the hazard ratio for maternal mortality associated with having an eldest son …