-income children. Our findings suggest that parental time investments are neutral to early skills gaps, while monetary investments are …

This paper studies the interaction between parental and public inputs in children's skill formation. We perform a … significantly for children of all backgrounds. There is, however, complete fade-out for children with highly educated parents. Given … positive long-run effects for children with low-educated parents, the treatment reduces child skill gaps across parents …

exploits school-starting-age rules in 34 countries, capturing achievement variation that arises because younger children … low-performing children in nearly all countries studied. Compensatory investments increase over grade levels, suggesting …

child working memory - a key skill of executive functioning that plays a central role in children's development of cognitive … preschool enrolment decisions. Children were enrolled earlier and in higher quality preschools, the latter reflecting a shift in …

child working memory - a key skill of executive functioning that plays a central role in children's development of cognitive … preschool enrolment decisions. Children were enrolled earlier and in higher quality preschools, the latter reflecting a shift in …

investments in children contribute to a levelled playing field and promote social mobility. However, gaps in learning outcomes … between children of rich and poor parents remain as high in Nordic countries as elsewhere in Europe. One explanation for this … paradox is that the equalizing impacts of public investments are undone by parental investments in children of rich and poor …