This paper is the first to empirically examine the residents' willingness to pay for on-street parking permits as well as the cost of cruising using an identification methodology based on house prices for Amsterdam. The average cost of cruising is €1.30 per day. The average residents'...

It has been argued that urban planning policies, through minimum parking requirements, and income tax policies induce free employer parking. We show that tax policies induce welfare losses in the order of 12% of parking resource costs, implying an annual deadweight loss in the order of € 5...

We study the employees' demand for hospital parking. We estimate the effect of the employees' parking price on demand using a difference-in-differences methodology. The deadweight loss generated by non-optimal pricing of parking is at least 9% of the hospitals' parking resource costs.