Introduction of ZEVs (zero emission vehicles) and lightweight materials in a conventional steel-intensive internal combustion engine vehicle fleet will affect energy consumption and automotive material requirements. We developed a bottom-up dynamic accounting model of the light-duty vehicle...

The largest increment in the global light-duty vehicle fleet in the medium- and long-term will happen in developing countries. Advanced vehicles can outweigh increments in CO2 emissions of a growing vehicle fleet; however, cost remains a barrier for their diffusion. A stock turnover model of the...