This paper aims to redevelop the national innovative capacity framework and specify the influence of its' elements on shaping the innovation performance of the EU nations. The objects of the empirical research are the EU member states for the period of 2000-2018. The collected data is employed...

R&D subsidized loans ( tiexi daikuan ) is an effective market-driven solution to promote firms' R&D outputs, including patent applications and new product sales, in China. However, empirical examination on the effects of subsidized loans is insufficient. Using a panel data of manufacturing firms...