noncognitive resources play in discovery is discussed as well as the costs of resources used in research. Different models for the … funding of research are presented. The chapter also discusses scientific labor markets and the extreme difficulty encountered … scientific research to economic growth and suggestions for future research. …

or output of a knowledge production function. We suggest that the productivity of research in patent production functions … has been underestimated in the literature, as scholars typically use information about R&D, i.e. the sum of research … expenditure and development expenditure, due to data availability. However, in most industries only (applied) research will lead …

of innovative rents on investment in research and development (R&D). We analyse the behaviour of innovative firms that …