Purpose: This research seeks to answer the basic question, "How can we build up the formula to estimate the proper royalty rate and up-front payment using the data I can get simply as input?" This paper suggests a way to estimate the proper royalty rate and up-front payment using a formula...

As biotechnology has developed in the last 20 years, the subject-matter of the patents generated has evolved from protein sequences or DNA fragments to patents on living organisms including viruses, bacteria, plants and animals. Apart from the ethical and political problems involved with such a...

This report is based on the material and input that was presented and discussed at the webinar with the title: “Perspectives on limitations to patentability”. The Webinar and the theme where introduced by Prof. Timo Minssen. Then Prof. Nari Lee gave a presentation introducing some of the...

In November 2014, the vegetable seed industry saw the introduction of the International Licensing Platform Vegetable ("ILP"). The ILP's main objective is to enable worldwide access to biological material covered by patents for the purpose of vegetable breeding, whilst safeguarding incentives to...

We analyze longitudinal data on academic careers and conduct interviews with faculty members to determine the scope and causes of the gender gap in patenting among life scientists over a 30-year period show that women faculty members patent at about 40 percent of the rate of men. We find that...

Patents in the life sciences sector have sparked considerable debate over the past years. The grant of a series of patents for the screening of breast cancer (BRCA) genes led to wide controversy in Europe, the US and Australia. The grant of patents for plants resulting from essentially...