-in-part) that human gene patents "present a significant obstacle to the next generation of innovation in genetic medicine … single "Policy Perspective" article published in Science in 2005, and an unfortunate tendency among many commentators to … over gene patents. Ironically, it might be the case that the next generation of genetic diagnostic testing innovation will …

In the last decades, innovation activity has been defined by an increasing complexity and a faster pace of the … underlying technological change. Accordingly, several studies have shown that competitive systems of innovation benefit from …

set of opportunities for innovation in agricultural biotechnologies. Moreover, the institutional, regulatory and …

of the contributions of different innovation linkages to innovation deserves more attention. Are the different innovation … linkages equally complementary to research inputs in fostering innovation? This paper addresses the contributions of different … innovation linkages to innovation, across two different measures of innovation. We find that a broader index of innovation …

The implementation of patent law in the emerging market countries is having an impact on the international patent … system. First, it is apparent that the principal emerging market economies are not strictly adhering to the patent regimen of … adaptive management of existing standards than it is an innovation of new standards and models. Much of this adaptation of …

investigate howfirm-specific and sector-specific driving forces differ by innovation type. Moreover, weoutline the functions that … different innovation types have for environmental and innovationpolicies. We find that eco-innovators put relatively more …

exclusive license appears to be a signpost pointing out commercially relevant innovation pathways that nonlicensees follow with …