Among the different cultural heritage assets, genetic resources (GR) and traditional knowledge associated to them (TK) have a technical character and enjoy legal protection in the international law. Due to these characteristics, measures of patent law have been often considered for their...

Many scholars have wrestled with what I call the “first-order question” in patent law: What policies should we adopt to promote innovation? This article grapples with the second-order question: What policies should we adopt to promote innovation about promoting innovation? I argue that...

All creativity and innovation build on existing ideas. Authors and inventors copy, adapt, improve, interpret, and refine the ideas that have come before them. The central task of intellectual property (IP) law is regulating this sequential innovation to ensure that initial creators and...