A patent "pool" is an arrangement under which patent holders in a common technology commit their patents to a single … obtaining it, as well as uncertainty in bargaining and sharing. Pooling is an efficient solution to problems of technology … require the licensing of existing technology with multiple patent holders. Pooling can reduce these costs and thus facilitate …

-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and its biotechnology/pharmaceutical policy guidelines. This approach that is … relation to biotechnological and pharmaceutical claims based on a combination or modification of a prior art reference. The … look at the development that has taken place in other jurisdictions and adapt the patent law to local conditions when …