innovation during the second industrial revolution. Religious tolerance is measured through population's religious diversity …We argue that, for a given level of scientific knowledge, tolerance and diversity are conducive to technological … creativity and innovation. In particular, we show that variations in innovation within Prussia during the second industrial …

causal effect of human capital on income, net of the innovation channel. …

accumulated and stored in monasteries was useful for innovation. In 1866, anticlerical legislation in Italy led to the suppression … a significant increase in innovation. The effect is driven by the increase in the number of manuscripts in previously … existing libraries. We show that the innovation advantage also persisted in the long run and had no impact on human capital. …

generated patents. I show that cultural diversity and openness of a place affect its economic performance positively in terms of …Diversity of a country is often measured by the amount and spread of nationalities that live there. But also within a …) migration, that, like international migration, increases diversity of a place. In a novel approach I therefore look at diversity …

Innovation occurs within ... …

relatively low innovation score, a feature reversing the trend observed in most European Union countries. Three empirical … scenarios, one for each innovation output, are defined and analyzed following a random-effects probit panel model separately …

Innovation plays a key role in economic growth. In this paper, we investigate the effects of intermediate input tariff … reduction on the innovation activities of domestic firms. Input tariff reduction has two opposite effects on the innovation … decision of a firm: it may promote innovation because the cost of innovation activities decreases, but it may also result in a …

In this paper we investigate the nexus between firm labor diversity and innovation using a linked employer … instrumental variable strategies, we are able to identify the contribution of workers' diversity in cultural background, education … and demographic characteristics to valuable firm's innovation activity. The latter is measured by: (1) the firm …