linkage contributes to the debate on firm- or university-led innovation. Using a large patent dataset from Shenzhen, the first … firms into the university-led innovation clusters in science parks; firm innovation in patent fields like human necessities … units are attracted by firm-type innovators and the size of such attraction. Testing the bidirectional spatial innovation …

within them. Our tests show that the localization of knowledge spillovers, as measured via patent citations, is strongest at …

examine the spatial clustering of private R&D labs, and, using patent citations data, we provide evidence of localized …

We employ a unique data set to examine the spatial clustering of private R&D labs, and, using patent citations data, we …

) “patent-paper pairs” methodology. We use this methodology to identify the scientific publications associated with University … patented academic discoveries, citations to licensed patent-linked publications are higher in the three years after the license …

tests show that the localization of knowledge spillovers, as measured via patent citations, is strongest at small spatial … specification of patent technological categories, the method of citation matching, and alternate cluster definitions …

Patent citations are a commonly used indicator of knowledge spillovers among inventors, while clusters of research and … tests show that the localization of knowledge spillovers, as measured via patent citations, is strongest at small spatial … varies widely between clusters. The results are robust to the specification of patent technological categories, the method of …

. Our evidence, which builds on a database that matches research institutions to a sample of their patent applications …, indicates patent applications to the European Patent Office (EPO) filed by research institutions grew faster than industry … patent applications remains low and their ratio of patents granted to applications is below that of industry. An econometric …