units are attracted by firm-type innovators and the size of such attraction. Testing the bidirectional spatial innovation … linkage contributes to the debate on firm- or university-led innovation. Using a large patent dataset from Shenzhen, the first … innovation-led city in the People's Republic of China, and employing a spatial point process analysis technique, underutilized in …

Innovation processes are characterized by a pronounced division of labor between actors. Two types of externality may … innovation (MAR externalities). On the other hand, new ideas may be born by the exchange of heterogeneous and complementary …

innovation while the mere size of the universities is unimportant. Differences in the effect on innovative output can be found …

We assess the efficiency of regional innovation systems (RIS) in Germany by means of a knowledge production function … efficiency of its innovation system is inversely u-shaped. Regions dominated by large establishments tend to be less efficient …

foradjacent regions. One main finding is that the quality of the university research makes somecontribution to regional innovation …

technology patent applications are more concentrated in top cities than applications in other technology fields. In the United … States, which has led digital technology deployment, the concentration of patent applications in top cities increased more … than in Japan and Europe over the two decades. Econometric results confirm that digital technology relates positively to …