This study is a quantitative analysis of Japanese patent information to examine the changes in the nature and the outcome of universityindustry collaborations (UICs) following the enactment of UIC policies in the late 1990s. By considering UIC patents not only in joint universityindustry patent...

This chapter summarizes the basic characteristics of patent data as an innovation indicator and reviews some of the recent research using patent data, focusing on major developments since Griliches in 1990 [Griliches, Z. (1990). “Patent statistics as economic indicators: A survey”. Journal...