Patented innovation is a predominately local phenomena. It is also an indicator of economic growth. Using data on U … local patent activity. We find that increased government spending is associated with reduced individual patent activity … patent concentration in both ownership and product types. This suggests that economic freedom creates an environment …

"In Knowledge, Patents, Power, Marius Buning tells the complex story of how the emergence of a Dutch patent regime is … related to wider issues concerning governmental control and innovation. Buning analyses the institutional framework in which … of patent law and its administrative and legal framework during the first four decades of the Dutch republic, it also …

The implementation of the Bayh-Dole Patent and Trademark Amendments Act of 1980 aided the ease with which universities … could patent innovations supported by federal funding.However, environmental and societal factors are often overlooked when … incentives, shape university and governmental policies promoting university patent creation.The overall research process is …