Planet earth is host to a dazzling variety of living organisms. This diversity of life, or – biodiversity, is vital to the survival and prosperity of humanity, supplying such vital amenities as food, clothing, shelter, natural biochemicals useful in medicine, industry, and agriculture, and...

The Constitution gives Congress the power to "promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts." The patent system embodies this power, but does it fulfill its essential purpose? This Note explores the scope of the exclusive rights of patents, arguing that in many circumstances the exclusive...

The Federal Circuit recently has issued inconsistent rulings in three pharmaceutical cases on whether unexpected properties of a compound becoming known after the patent application can support a conclusion of non-obviousness. The Supreme Court has the opportunity to provide additional guidance...

Designing around patents is prevalent but not often appreciated as a means by which patents promote economic development through competition. We provide a novel detailed empirical study of the extent and timing of designing around patent claims. We study the filing rate of incandescent...

Around 300 B.C., a Greek mathematician — Euclid — discovered a theorem on which modern geometry and a fundamental algorithm is based. The Euclid’s theorem represents a method for calculating the greatest common divisors between two integers. Since 300 B.C., both Euclid’s Theorem and...

The amount of greenhouse gas emissions and consequent climate changes and social responses will depend substantially upon the rapid development and widespread dissemination of a wide variety of new mitigation and adaptation technologies. The international approach adopted by the UN Framework...

This paper is a submission of evidence aimed at she light on some issues related to the Standard Essential Patents (SEP) ecosystem and to provide workable solutions. SEP are patents that protects technologies that are essential to implementing a standard (e.g. 5G, Bluetooth, etc.).Between...

We analyze the extent to which patent pools (agreements where patent holders agree to license their intellectual property as a package) could be used as an institution to facilitate technology transactions in biotechnology. Patent pools have been used with success in the consumer electronics and...

Patent licensing contracts commonly prohibit licensees from challenging the validity of the patents at the basis of the contract or penalize such challenges. A considerable debate has emerged as to whether courts should enforce these challenge clauses. We argue that this debate has not gone far...