“manufacturing for export exception” to patent protection. The proposed exception permits the manufacturing of goods protected by … destined for exportation to off-patent markets. Seuba et al. argue that the utility of this proposed exception derives from … proposed manufacturing-for-export exception to patent protection would violate Article 28.1 of the TRIPS Agreement, with such …

This essay raises questions about the Patent Harmonization Treaty. addressing the overall direction of harmonization in … underlying goals of patent harmonization with those of the current United States patent system. The article contends that the … harmonization, in contrast, are fundamentally different. To be valid, then, patent harmonization may require a basic shift in the …

There is no global patent that will secure protection for an invention globally, and as the title of the book Global … limited ability to enforce their patents across national borders. While national patent systems have undergone significant … internationalization in the past 140 years, and international treaties and agreements among national patent offices have been designed to …

intense import competition. I introduce a model of international patent protection, where patent holders influence the policy … making process. In the equilibrium, companies whose exports are prone to reverse engineering by import-competing firms due to … their long product lifetime seek strong patent protection by home government. To test the theory, I measure product cycles …