This paper tests a number of hypotheses on the use and effectiveness of patents and trade secrets designed to protect … innovation. While previous studies have often considered patents and trade secrets as substitutes for one another, we investigate …

&D investments in the case of Cournot competition with no patents are higher than in the case of research cartel formed by the …

There is a growing literature that aims at assessing the private value of knowledge assets and patents. It has been … shown that patents and their quality as measured by citations received by future patents contribute significantly to the … forward citations patents can receive at the European Patent Office. While a patent can be cited as non-infringing state of …

There is a growing literature that aims at assessing the private value of knowledge assets and patents. It has been … shown that patents and their quality as measured by citations received by future patents contribute significantly to the … forward citations patents can receive at the European Patent Office. While a patent can be cited as non-infringing state of …

states, Prussia granted patents more restrictively by setting higher novelty requirements. Though, patent fees were much … in the number of patents per capita in annexed territories. By contrast, we find a significantly positive effect of … this finding as evidence that restricting the granting of patents, which creates more competition, is conducive for the …

This work investigates the relationship between proxies of innovation activities, such as patents and trademarks, and … firms, in terms of patents and trademarks, and we study whether the two instruments for protecting IP exhibit …) between the patents and trademarks owned by the same firm and we then investigate whether such concordance exert any effect on …