peace. However, I argue his description of the “trade-fosters-peace” thesis as insufficiently precise is incorrect. By its … could foster peace between two nations, though Smith is not as strong in the liberal peace thesis as some modern …

), but could render the eruption of war between member and non-member countries more likely (peace diversion). This paper is …-stage game with three competing importers, where fi rst, two of the countries decide on whether to initiate war against each … other, and subsequently, all three countries select their import tariffs. We show that PTAs produce both a "peace …